![]() Illustrated Catalogue of the American Fauna Archived at the Wayback Machine, Sciences Nat, Venette, 72 pages, 14 plates in colours ^ Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (retrieved 26 June 2018).^ Constant J (2010) A new species of Polydictya from Lombok (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae).^ Hemiptera Databases FLOW: Aphrodisias (retrieved ).^ Hemiptera Databases FLOW: Omalocephala (retrieved ).^ NCBI Taxonomy browser: Fulgoridae (retrieved 14 November 2017).Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany. A Phylogenetic Investigation of the Planthopper Superfamily Fulgoroidea (Insecta: Hemiptera) with Emphasis on the Family Fulgoridae (Ph.D. "Entomologically famous, evolutionarily unexplored: the first phylogeny of the lanternfly family Fulgoridae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)". Journal of the New York Entomological Society. "Taxonomic changes in oriental Fulgoroidea (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)". Mémoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Northampton, Massachusetts: Smith College. General catalogue of the Hemiptera, Fascicle IV Fulgoroidea, Part 9. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. "The Fulgorina of Barro Colorado and other parts of Panama". togoensis Schmidt, 1911 is now placed as Pyrgoteles togoensis (Schmidt, 1911) The type species of genus Apossoda, A.Pyrilla Stål, 1859 is now placed in the Lophopidae.Fulgoricesa Koçak & Kemal, 2010 (synonym: Weyrauchia).Xosopharinae Metcalf, 1947 (Africa, Australia).Strongylodematinae Fennah, 1962 (southern Africa).Polydictya Guérin-Méneville, 1844 (south-east Asia: Indo-China, Malesia).Lystra Fabricius, 1803 (central & southern America).Calyptoproctus Spinola, 1839 (Americas).Lyncidinae Schmidt, 1915 (southern Africa).Saiva Distant, 1906 (India, Indo-China, Malesia).Odontoptera Carreno, 1841 (tropical Americas).Fulgora Linné, 1767 (tropical Americas).Cathedra Kirkaldy, 1903 (monotypic, S.Aphrodisias Kirkaldy, 1906 (Central America). ![]() ![]() Dichoptera Spinola, 1839 (type genus - Asia).Cladodiptera Spinola, 1839 (south America).Aphaena Guérin-Méneville, 1834 (India, China Indo-China).Amyclinae (central Americas, Africa, Australia) - selected genera:.The Zanninae may not even be in the Fulgoridae. Her work was recapitulated in 2009 with Jason Cryan. However, in 2008 Julie Urban's molecular analysis in her dissertation showed that a significant revamping of fulgorid subfamilies and tribes would be necessary, as the morphological analysis by itself did not take into account the complexity of fulgorid evolution. This classification was generally accepted. By 1963 Lallemand had divided the Fulgoridae into eight subfamilies ( Amyclinae, Aphaeninae, Enchophorinae, Fulgorinae, Phenacinae, Poiocerinae, Xosopharinae and Zanninae) and eleven tribes. Metcalf in 1938, as amended in 1947, recognized five subfamilies ( Amyclinae, Aphaeninae, Fulgorinae, Phenacinae, and Poiocerinae) and twelve tribes in the Fulgoridae. Carl Linnaeus adopted the statement without question and coined a number of specific names, such as laternaria, phosphorea and candelaria to illustrate the supposed fact, and thus propagated the myth. It was believed, mainly on the authority of Maria Sibylla Merian, that this process, the so-called lantern, was luminous at night in the living insect. The head of some species is produced into a hollow process, resembling a snout, which is sometimes inflated and nearly as large as the body of the insect, sometimes elongated, narrow and apically upturned. Various genera and species (especially the genera Fulgora and Pyrops) are sometimes referred to as lanternflies or lanthorn flies, though they do not emit light. They are mostly of moderate to large size, many with a superficial resemblance to Lepidoptera due to their brilliant and varied coloration. The family Fulgoridae is a large group of hemipteran insects, especially abundant and diverse in the tropics, containing over 125 genera worldwide. ![]()
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